In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely used fertility treatment in Pakistan for couples facing infertility. While much attention is often given to egg retrieval and embryo transfer, sperm collection is just as important for a successful IVF cycle. Understanding how sperm is collected can help reduce anxiety and prepare couples for the process.

Why Is Sperm Collection Important in IVF?

Sperm quality plays a key role in fertilization. For IVF, healthy and viable sperm are needed to fertilize the eggs in the laboratory. Even when male fertility issues are present, modern techniques allow specialists to collect and use sperm effectively.

The method of sperm collection depends on factors such as sperm count, sperm motility, medical history, and whether sperm is present naturally in the semen.

Most Common Method: Semen Collection by Masturbation

The most common and simple method of sperm collection for IVF is through masturbation.

How it works

The male partner is asked to produce a semen sample by masturbating into a sterile container provided by the fertility clinic. This is usually done in a private room at the clinic on the same day as egg retrieval.

Important instructions

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2 to 5 days before collection

• Wash hands and genital area before collection

• Avoid using lubricants or saliva

• Collect the entire sample in the container

Following these instructions helps ensure the best possible sperm quality.

Collection at Home vs Clinic Collection

In some cases, sperm can be collected at home and brought to the clinic. However, this is only allowed if:

• The clinic approves home collection

• The sample can reach the lab within one hour

• The sample is kept at body temperature

Many clinics prefer on-site collection to avoid delays and contamination.

Sperm Collection Using a Condom

For men who feel uncomfortable with masturbation, sperm may be collected during intercourse using a special non-toxic condom.

Key points

• Regular condoms cannot be used

• The condom must be provided by the clinic

• The sample is transferred to the lab immediately

This method is less common but useful in selected cases.

What If There Is Low Sperm Count or No Sperm in Semen?

When sperm is not present in the ejaculate or the sperm count is extremely low, surgical sperm retrieval methods are used. These techniques allow sperm to be collected directly from the reproductive organs.

Surgical Sperm Retrieval Methods

1. TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)

A thin needle is inserted into the testicle to extract sperm. This is usually done under local anesthesia.

2. TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)

A small tissue sample is taken from the testicle through a minor surgical procedure. Sperm is then extracted from the tissue in the lab.

3. PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)

Sperm is collected from the epididymis using a fine needle. This method is often used when there is a blockage preventing sperm from entering the semen.

4. MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)

A microsurgical technique used to retrieve sperm in cases of obstructive infertility.

These procedures are safe and commonly performed, especially for men with azoospermia.

Is Surgical Sperm Collection Painful?

Most surgical sperm retrieval procedures are done under local or short anesthesia. Mild discomfort, swelling, or soreness may occur afterward, but recovery is usually quick. Doctors provide pain relief and care instructions to ensure comfort.

What Happens After Sperm Collection?

Once collected, the semen or sperm sample is processed in the laboratory.

Laboratory preparation includes

• Washing the sperm

• Separating healthy, motile sperm

• Removing debris and non-viable cells

The best sperm are then selected for fertilization.

Fresh vs Frozen Sperm for IVF

Sperm can be used immediately or frozen for future use.

Fresh sperm

• Collected on the same day as egg retrieval

• Often preferred when timing allows

Frozen sperm

• Stored for later IVF cycles

• Useful if surgical retrieval is done earlier

• Convenient for future treatments

Freezing does not significantly affect sperm quality when done properly.

Sperm Collection for ICSI

In many IVF in Lahore cases, especially when male infertility is present, ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) is used. This involves injecting a single sperm directly into the egg.

Even very few sperm are enough for ICSI, which is why IVF remains possible even in severe male factor infertility.

Emotional and Psychological Considerations

Sperm collection can be stressful for some men due to performance pressure or anxiety. Fertility clinics are aware of this and provide private, supportive environments. Open communication with the medical team can greatly reduce stress.

Final Thoughts

Sperm collection for IVF is a straightforward and well-managed process. Whether collected naturally or through medical procedures, modern fertility techniques ensure that even men with severe infertility can become biological fathers. Understanding the process helps couples feel more confident and prepared during their IVF journey.